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Selasa, 27 September 2011
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Sabtu, 24 September 2011
Children born after the unplanned pregnancy is slower to develop
Children born after the unplanned pregnancies tend to have a more limited vocabulary and poorer non-verbal and spatial abilities. However, this almost entirely explained by disadvantaged conditions, according to a new study published today in the British Medical Journal. In the same study reported no adverse effects of infertility treatment for children.
In the United Kingdom, 30-40% of pregnancies ending in childbirth is unplanned, while the number of children born after assisted reproductive technologies is growing every year.
It is already known that children born after prolonged time capture or assisted reproduction are at greater risk of poor health outcomes such as premature birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and some researchers have reported lower cognitive (mental) scores in these children.
Unplanned pregnancies are also poorer results, but there was little investigation to assess whether a child development associated with pregnancy planning.
A team of researchers in the United Kingdom set out to explore how pregnancy planning, time perception and treatment of infertility, the influence of child cognitive development in three to five years.
They analyzed data from approximately 12,000 children from Millennium study, a major study of Uk families and infants born in 2000-2. Were interviews with parents who took part when their child was aged between nine months and then be reconsidered when the child was three to five years.
Mothers reported whether the pregnancy was planned, their emotions at first pregnant, to arrest and details of any processing of sterility.
Each child is verbal, non verbal and spatial abilities were tested at the age of three and five British ability scales.
Initial analysis showed that children born after an unplanned pregnancy was four to five months behind the planned children to verbal abilities, whereas children born after assisted reproduction was three to four months.
However, these differences all but disappeared when the researchers took into account the socio-economic conditions of each child.
The authors conclude: "these differences are almost entirely explained by socio-economic factors, providing further evidence for the influence of socioeconomic inequalities in the lives of children in the United Kingdom. To help children achieve their full potential, policy-makers continue to target social inequalities. "
Provided by the British Medical Journal (news: web)
health and safety
In the United Kingdom, 30-40% of pregnancies ending in childbirth is unplanned, while the number of children born after assisted reproductive technologies is growing every year.
It is already known that children born after prolonged time capture or assisted reproduction are at greater risk of poor health outcomes such as premature birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and some researchers have reported lower cognitive (mental) scores in these children.
Unplanned pregnancies are also poorer results, but there was little investigation to assess whether a child development associated with pregnancy planning.
A team of researchers in the United Kingdom set out to explore how pregnancy planning, time perception and treatment of infertility, the influence of child cognitive development in three to five years.
They analyzed data from approximately 12,000 children from Millennium study, a major study of Uk families and infants born in 2000-2. Were interviews with parents who took part when their child was aged between nine months and then be reconsidered when the child was three to five years.
Mothers reported whether the pregnancy was planned, their emotions at first pregnant, to arrest and details of any processing of sterility.
Each child is verbal, non verbal and spatial abilities were tested at the age of three and five British ability scales.
Initial analysis showed that children born after an unplanned pregnancy was four to five months behind the planned children to verbal abilities, whereas children born after assisted reproduction was three to four months.
However, these differences all but disappeared when the researchers took into account the socio-economic conditions of each child.
The authors conclude: "these differences are almost entirely explained by socio-economic factors, providing further evidence for the influence of socioeconomic inequalities in the lives of children in the United Kingdom. To help children achieve their full potential, policy-makers continue to target social inequalities. "
Provided by the British Medical Journal (news: web)
health and safety
Selasa, 20 September 2011
Mexican papayas sicken 99 in the u.s.
Mexican papayas are tainted with salmonella sickened 99 people in the United States, the Centers for disease control and prevention said Tuesday.
No mention of any deaths, but the outbreak spans 23 States and health authorities warned people not to eat fresh, whole papayas imported from Mexico by Agromed production of Alice, Texas.
"Consumers should not eat recalled papayas, and restaurant and food service operators must not serve them," the CDC said.
The company issued a voluntary recall Friday of all Blondie, Yaya, Mananita and Tastylicious chip papayas, which sold prior to July 23 because they could be contaminated.
The first cases in the outbreak of salmonella agona in January and has continued to be reported through mid-July, the CDC said. Twenty-five of the 99 diseases in Texas, the worst hit MAS.
In Mexico, the Ministry of agriculture said Tuesday that it is too early to know whether the Mexican papayas was the source of the disease.
US and Mexican authorities "engage in research in both countries to determine the source of the outbreak of salmonella" that it is time for any conclusive comment on the cause, said Enrique Sanchez, who heads up Mexican food safety.
"For now, Mexican papayas cannot be named as the source of the disease," Sanchez said.
Salmonella poisoning usually causes diarrhea, fever and stomach within 12 to 72 hours of eating and symptoms may take up to one week.
Most people recover without treatment, but it could be people with weak immune system, the elderly and very young people at risk, if the infection spreads to the bloodstream.
(c) AFP 2011
health and safety
No mention of any deaths, but the outbreak spans 23 States and health authorities warned people not to eat fresh, whole papayas imported from Mexico by Agromed production of Alice, Texas.
"Consumers should not eat recalled papayas, and restaurant and food service operators must not serve them," the CDC said.
The company issued a voluntary recall Friday of all Blondie, Yaya, Mananita and Tastylicious chip papayas, which sold prior to July 23 because they could be contaminated.
The first cases in the outbreak of salmonella agona in January and has continued to be reported through mid-July, the CDC said. Twenty-five of the 99 diseases in Texas, the worst hit MAS.
In Mexico, the Ministry of agriculture said Tuesday that it is too early to know whether the Mexican papayas was the source of the disease.
US and Mexican authorities "engage in research in both countries to determine the source of the outbreak of salmonella" that it is time for any conclusive comment on the cause, said Enrique Sanchez, who heads up Mexican food safety.
"For now, Mexican papayas cannot be named as the source of the disease," Sanchez said.
Salmonella poisoning usually causes diarrhea, fever and stomach within 12 to 72 hours of eating and symptoms may take up to one week.
Most people recover without treatment, but it could be people with weak immune system, the elderly and very young people at risk, if the infection spreads to the bloodstream.
(c) AFP 2011
health and safety
Sabtu, 17 September 2011
I think healthy to eat healthy: scientists demonstrate link between attention and self-regulation
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Enlarge
When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is active, it allows the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food. [Credit: Caltech/Hare, et. al.](Medical Xpress)--you're trying to decide what to eat for dinner. Should it be the chicken and broccoli? The super-sized fast-food burger? Skip it entirely and just get someRocky Road?
Making that choice, it turns out, is a complex neurological exercise. But, according to researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), it's one that can be influenced by a simple shifting of attention toward the healthy side of life. And that shift may provide strategies to help us all make choices — takes on not just in terms of the foods we eat, but in other areas, like whether or not we actually pick up a.
Their research is described in a paper published in the July 27 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
When you decide what to eat, not only does your brain need to figure out how it feels about a food's taste versus its health benefits versus its size or even its packaging, but it needs to decide the importance of each of those attributes relative to the others. And it needs to do all of this more-or-less instantaneously.
When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is active, it allows the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food.
[Credit: Caltech/Hare, et. al.]
Antonio Rangel, professor of economics and neuroscience at Caltech, has been studying this value-deriving and decision-making process for years now. Along with Todd Hare — a former postdoc at Caltech who is now an assistant professor of neuroeconomics at the University of Zurich in Switzerland — he published a paper in Science in 2009 describing differences in the brains of people who are better at exercising self-control than others. What they found was that while everyone uses the same area of the brain — the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, or vmPFC — to make value-laden decisions like what to munch on, there's a second brain area — the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or dlPFC — that seems to come to life when a person is using self-control during the decision-making process.
In other words, when the dlPFC is active, it allows the vmPFC to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food.
The new study goes a step further, showing that there seem to be ways to help kickstart the dlPFC through the use of what Hare calls "external pool cues" that allow us to exhibit more self-control than we might have otherwise.
The researchers came to their conclusions based on data from a brain-imaging experiment conducted with 33 adult volunteers, none of whom were following a specific diet or trying to lose weight for any reason. Each of the volunteers was shown 180 different food items — from chips and candy bars to intros and broccoli — through a set of video goggles while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine.
The hungry subjects — they were asked to fast for at least three hours prior to the experiment — were given up to three seconds to respond to each picture with a decision about whether or not they'd want to eat the food shown after the experiment was over. They could either give the food a strong "no, no" a "," a "yes" or a "strong yes." Once all of the images had been flipped through, a single food image was chosen at random? if the volunteer had said "yes" or "strong yes" to the idea of eating that food, he or she was served that item.
"Because only one random trial was selected to count ', '" says Rangel, "the optimal strategy for subjects is to treat each decision as if it were the only one."
Simple, right? But here's the catch: before every 10 food choices, an instruction would come on the screen for five seconds telling the subjects either to "consider the healthiness," "consider the tastiness," or "make decisions naturally." This meant that of the 180 decisions, the subjects made 60 in each of the three "instruction conditions."
What this was meant to do, Rangel explains, is shift the subject's attention during the experiment and, potentially, shift the way in which they made decisions.
Afterward — outside the scanner — the subjects were asked to rate the same foods on both a tastiness scale (very untasty, untasty, tasty, very tasty) and a scale healthiness (very unhealthy, very unhealthy, healthy, healthy). That way, the researchers were able to associate the choices the subjects made during the brain scan with their stated perceptions of those foods ' attributes — showing that a subject who chose broccoli during the "consider the healthiness" portion of the test might think of it as untasty nonetheless.
The researchers then classified the foods for each subject based on that subject's ratings: unhealthy-untasty, healthy-untasty, unhealthy-tasty, and healthy-tasty. Unsurprisingly, people chose healthy-tasty foods no matter where their attention had been directed.
Things got interesting when the researchers looked at the other three categories, however. Among their findings:
When thinking about healthiness, subjects were less likely to eat unhealthy foods, whether or not they deemed them to be tasty, and more likely to eat healthy-untasty foods.
Being asked to think about healthiness led subjects to say "no" to foods more often than they did when asked to make decisions naturally.
There were no real differences between the choices made during the "consider the tastiness" and "make decisions naturally the western portion of the Medley".When the researchers turned to the fMRI results, they found that the vmPFC was, as influenza, "more responsive to the healthiness of food in the presence of health pool cues," says Rangel. And they'd, as seen previously, the robustness of that response was due to the latest of the dlPFC — that bastion hotel of self-control — which was much quieter when the study's subjects were thinking about taste or their own personal choice than when they were asked to healthiness throw into the equation.
"This latest of the increased health signals on the vmPFC results in an overall value for the food that is based more on its health properties than is the case when the subject's attention is not" focused on healthiness, "says Hare.
These results are most likely not limited just to choices about food, says Hare. "Our findings are also relevant to the current warnings actually changes to many governments have started to make," he notes. "These changes include adding graphical images of the health risks of smoking. It for improvement with regard to be seen whether these images will be more effective in drawing attention to the unhealthiness of smoking than the text warnings. If the graphical warnings do increase attention to health, then our results suggest that they could decrease the desire to smoke. "
Jonathan Malmaud, a former research assistant at Caltech who is now a graduate student at MIT, was also an author on the Journal of Neuroscience paper, Focusing attention on the health aspects of foods changes value signals in the vmPFC and improves dietary choice. " The scientists ' work was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Provided by California Institute of Technology (news: web)
health and safety
Enlarge
When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is active, it allows the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food. [Credit: Caltech/Hare, et. al.](Medical Xpress)--you're trying to decide what to eat for dinner. Should it be the chicken and broccoli? The super-sized fast-food burger? Skip it entirely and just get someRocky Road?
Making that choice, it turns out, is a complex neurological exercise. But, according to researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), it's one that can be influenced by a simple shifting of attention toward the healthy side of life. And that shift may provide strategies to help us all make choices — takes on not just in terms of the foods we eat, but in other areas, like whether or not we actually pick up a.
Their research is described in a paper published in the July 27 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
When you decide what to eat, not only does your brain need to figure out how it feels about a food's taste versus its health benefits versus its size or even its packaging, but it needs to decide the importance of each of those attributes relative to the others. And it needs to do all of this more-or-less instantaneously.
When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is active, it allows the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food.
[Credit: Caltech/Hare, et. al.]
Antonio Rangel, professor of economics and neuroscience at Caltech, has been studying this value-deriving and decision-making process for years now. Along with Todd Hare — a former postdoc at Caltech who is now an assistant professor of neuroeconomics at the University of Zurich in Switzerland — he published a paper in Science in 2009 describing differences in the brains of people who are better at exercising self-control than others. What they found was that while everyone uses the same area of the brain — the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, or vmPFC — to make value-laden decisions like what to munch on, there's a second brain area — the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or dlPFC — that seems to come to life when a person is using self-control during the decision-making process.
In other words, when the dlPFC is active, it allows the vmPFC to take into account health benefits as well as taste when it assigns a value to a particular food.
The new study goes a step further, showing that there seem to be ways to help kickstart the dlPFC through the use of what Hare calls "external pool cues" that allow us to exhibit more self-control than we might have otherwise.
The researchers came to their conclusions based on data from a brain-imaging experiment conducted with 33 adult volunteers, none of whom were following a specific diet or trying to lose weight for any reason. Each of the volunteers was shown 180 different food items — from chips and candy bars to intros and broccoli — through a set of video goggles while in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine.
The hungry subjects — they were asked to fast for at least three hours prior to the experiment — were given up to three seconds to respond to each picture with a decision about whether or not they'd want to eat the food shown after the experiment was over. They could either give the food a strong "no, no" a "," a "yes" or a "strong yes." Once all of the images had been flipped through, a single food image was chosen at random? if the volunteer had said "yes" or "strong yes" to the idea of eating that food, he or she was served that item.
"Because only one random trial was selected to count ', '" says Rangel, "the optimal strategy for subjects is to treat each decision as if it were the only one."
Simple, right? But here's the catch: before every 10 food choices, an instruction would come on the screen for five seconds telling the subjects either to "consider the healthiness," "consider the tastiness," or "make decisions naturally." This meant that of the 180 decisions, the subjects made 60 in each of the three "instruction conditions."
What this was meant to do, Rangel explains, is shift the subject's attention during the experiment and, potentially, shift the way in which they made decisions.
Afterward — outside the scanner — the subjects were asked to rate the same foods on both a tastiness scale (very untasty, untasty, tasty, very tasty) and a scale healthiness (very unhealthy, very unhealthy, healthy, healthy). That way, the researchers were able to associate the choices the subjects made during the brain scan with their stated perceptions of those foods ' attributes — showing that a subject who chose broccoli during the "consider the healthiness" portion of the test might think of it as untasty nonetheless.
The researchers then classified the foods for each subject based on that subject's ratings: unhealthy-untasty, healthy-untasty, unhealthy-tasty, and healthy-tasty. Unsurprisingly, people chose healthy-tasty foods no matter where their attention had been directed.
Things got interesting when the researchers looked at the other three categories, however. Among their findings:
When thinking about healthiness, subjects were less likely to eat unhealthy foods, whether or not they deemed them to be tasty, and more likely to eat healthy-untasty foods.
Being asked to think about healthiness led subjects to say "no" to foods more often than they did when asked to make decisions naturally.
There were no real differences between the choices made during the "consider the tastiness" and "make decisions naturally the western portion of the Medley".When the researchers turned to the fMRI results, they found that the vmPFC was, as influenza, "more responsive to the healthiness of food in the presence of health pool cues," says Rangel. And they'd, as seen previously, the robustness of that response was due to the latest of the dlPFC — that bastion hotel of self-control — which was much quieter when the study's subjects were thinking about taste or their own personal choice than when they were asked to healthiness throw into the equation.
"This latest of the increased health signals on the vmPFC results in an overall value for the food that is based more on its health properties than is the case when the subject's attention is not" focused on healthiness, "says Hare.
These results are most likely not limited just to choices about food, says Hare. "Our findings are also relevant to the current warnings actually changes to many governments have started to make," he notes. "These changes include adding graphical images of the health risks of smoking. It for improvement with regard to be seen whether these images will be more effective in drawing attention to the unhealthiness of smoking than the text warnings. If the graphical warnings do increase attention to health, then our results suggest that they could decrease the desire to smoke. "
Jonathan Malmaud, a former research assistant at Caltech who is now a graduate student at MIT, was also an author on the Journal of Neuroscience paper, Focusing attention on the health aspects of foods changes value signals in the vmPFC and improves dietary choice. " The scientists ' work was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
Provided by California Institute of Technology (news: web)
health and safety
Senin, 12 September 2011
Offset by private health insurance for children of families: study
Families rely increasingly on public health insurance plans provide coverage for their children, a growing trend researchers associated with job losses, coverage changes to private insurance health plans, and expanded access to public plans, according to new research by the Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire.
The trend is particularly strong in rural and urban areas, which traditionally had lower rates of coverage from suburban areas.
"When people are unemployed, not only losing their private insurance based on employment but, with the loss of income, families may be eligible for public projects recently. In addition, as a rule the poor economy and expanded eligibility for public projects may also play a more direct roles in changing health insurance rates among children, "the researchers reported.
Health insurance for children is provided mainly through Medicaid and children's health insurance program (SCHIP) of. Court taking into account a wide range of significant funding cuts for both programs as part of negotiations over the budget deficit, with suggestions ranging from cutting $ 100 billion over ten years to 1 trillion dollars over the same period.
The main findings of this survey show:
Health insurance coverage among children increased 1.3 percentage points from 2008-2009 in the United States, with the largest growth in central cities and rural areas.
The Northeast still has the highest percentage of coverage, with more than 95 percent of children covered. In the South has the lowest coverage rates, 89 percent.
Forty-four States, plus Washington DC and Puerto Rico had been a significant increase in the number of children covered by health insurance.
Twenty-seven Member States saw a decline in private health insurance coverage for children.
Children in the Central cities of the Midwest experienced the largest shift from private to public insurers in 2009. private insurance coverage decreased 4.3 percentage points, while the public coverage increased by 6,5%, approximately 9% of children at the national level are not covered by any form of insurance. More than half of these children are eligible for coverage through Medicaid or SCHIP.
"Research shows that most of these eligible children coming from Member States with low participation rates and are disproportionately within the query. Because those who have health insurance are healthier overall and, more importantly, because healthy children are more likely to become healthy adults, focusing on the coverage of eligible children should remain at the forefront of the agenda of the nation, "the researchers reported.
More info: the full report of this investigation, "All children covered by health insurance has increased in 2009, is available at http://www.carseyi … h. php? id = 168
Provided by the University of New Hampshire (news: web)
health and safety
The trend is particularly strong in rural and urban areas, which traditionally had lower rates of coverage from suburban areas.
"When people are unemployed, not only losing their private insurance based on employment but, with the loss of income, families may be eligible for public projects recently. In addition, as a rule the poor economy and expanded eligibility for public projects may also play a more direct roles in changing health insurance rates among children, "the researchers reported.
Health insurance for children is provided mainly through Medicaid and children's health insurance program (SCHIP) of. Court taking into account a wide range of significant funding cuts for both programs as part of negotiations over the budget deficit, with suggestions ranging from cutting $ 100 billion over ten years to 1 trillion dollars over the same period.
The main findings of this survey show:
Health insurance coverage among children increased 1.3 percentage points from 2008-2009 in the United States, with the largest growth in central cities and rural areas.
The Northeast still has the highest percentage of coverage, with more than 95 percent of children covered. In the South has the lowest coverage rates, 89 percent.
Forty-four States, plus Washington DC and Puerto Rico had been a significant increase in the number of children covered by health insurance.
Twenty-seven Member States saw a decline in private health insurance coverage for children.
Children in the Central cities of the Midwest experienced the largest shift from private to public insurers in 2009. private insurance coverage decreased 4.3 percentage points, while the public coverage increased by 6,5%, approximately 9% of children at the national level are not covered by any form of insurance. More than half of these children are eligible for coverage through Medicaid or SCHIP.
"Research shows that most of these eligible children coming from Member States with low participation rates and are disproportionately within the query. Because those who have health insurance are healthier overall and, more importantly, because healthy children are more likely to become healthy adults, focusing on the coverage of eligible children should remain at the forefront of the agenda of the nation, "the researchers reported.
More info: the full report of this investigation, "All children covered by health insurance has increased in 2009, is available at http://www.carseyi … h. php? id = 168
Provided by the University of New Hampshire (news: web)
health and safety
Kamis, 08 September 2011
Vitamin d relieves joint, muscle pain for patients with breast cancer
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High-dose vitamin d relieves pain for many patients of breast cancer with estrogen-lowering drugs, a new study shows. Credit: Michael c. Purdyhigh-dose vitamin d relieves pain for many breast cancer patients estrogen-lowering drugs, according to a new study from Washington University School of medicine in St. Louis.Drugs, known as aromatase inhibitors, commonly referred to shrink breast tumors that are powered by the hormone estrogen and help prevent recurrence of cancer. It is less toxic than chemotherapy, but for many patients, the drug can cause serious musculoskeletal discomfort, including pain and stiffness in the hands, wrists, knees, hips, lower back, shoulders and legs.
"Approximately half of patients may experience these symptoms," says Antonella Rastelli l., MD, Assistant Professor of medicine and first author of the study, published online in the Journal for research on breast cancer and treatment. "We do not know exactly why pain occurs, but can be very debilitating — the point that patients decide to block the aromatase inhibitors."
This video is not supported by your browser at this time.Washington University physicians found that high doses of vitamin d helps to relieve pain in breast cancer patients estrogen-lowering drugs. Known as aromatase inhibitors, drugs to treat breast tumors being supplied by the hormone estrogen. It is less toxic than chemotherapy, but many patients experience severe musculoskeletal discomfort, including pain and stiffness in the hands, knees, hips, lower back, shoulders and legs. Credit: Clark BowenBecause drugs reduce recurrence of cancer, found a way to help patients remain on is important for long-term survival without relapse, according to Rastelli. Aromatase inhibitors are prescribed to post-menopausal women for at least five years and more frequently after the diagnosis of breast cancer. There is some evidence that patients have the experience of drug side effects are less likely to see the cancer returned, providing even more incentive to help these patients still.Rastelli was by Marie e. Taylor, MD, Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, who first noticed that patients with aromatase inhibitors that experienced this pain found some relief from high doses of vitamin d.
Both the Group recruited Rastelli 60 patients reported pain and distress associated with anastrozole, one of the three FDA-approved aromatase inhibitors. Patients examined also had low vitamin d levels. Half of the Group were randomized to receive the recommended daily intake of vitamin d (400 IU) plus a capsule unit-50,000 vitamin d once a week. The other half received the daily intake of 400 units of vitamin d plus weekly placebo. All subjects received 1,000 milligrams of calcium daily throughout the study.
Patients in the study reported no pain suffered through three different questionnaires. They were asked to quantify the intensity of pain, as well as the report how the pain changed the climate, influenced their work and in relationships and everyday activities. The results show that patients with high-dose vitamin d each week reported significantly less musculoskeletal pain and also were less likely to experience the pain that interfered with daily life.
"High-dose vitamin d seems to be really effective at reducing musculoskeletal pain caused by aromatase inhibitors," says Rastelli. "Patients the impression weekly vitamin d better because their pain and sometimes strays completely reduced. This makes the drug much more tolerable. Millions of women worldwide to aromatase inhibitor therapy, and can we have another ' tool ' to remain in this anymore. "
Anastrozole as used in this study, two other aromatase inhibitors approved by FDA, letrozole and exemestane, should also give rise to musculoskeletal pain. Taking into account the similar reactions, Rastelli says patients about these drugs may benefit from high doses of vitamin d.
Vitamin used in this study is of a type derived from a plant called Vitamin D2. Rastelli says that achieves the best results when given weekly, because this body metabolizes within seven to 10 days. Rastelli and her colleagues used high-dose Vitamin D3, which remains in the body longer.
"This was a very carefully conducted study, and the control of the standard makes the findings very impressive," says Matthew j. Ellis, MD, Ph.d., senior author of the study and Director of the breast cancer program at the Center, Alvin j. Siteman cancer at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of medicine in St. Louis. "We have to take up these findings further to determine the most effective and safe approach for additional vitamin d in our patients with breast cancer."
Since vitamin d helps the body absorb calcium, too much of it can cause high levels of calcium in the urine, which may increase the risk of kidney stones. Possible reactions to stress the importance of patient monitoring urine calcium levels taking high doses of vitamin d.
"It is important to monitor patients, but overall it seems to be very safe," says Rastelli. Because Vitamin D2 is removed from the body so quickly, it is very difficult to overdose. "
In addition to the relief of pain, the Group wanted to examine whether it could protect vitamin d in the loss of bone that is often regarded as aromatase inhibitors in patients. The researchers measured each patient bone density at the beginning of the study again after six months.
Perhaps because of its role in calcium absorption, high-dose vitamin d appear to contribute to the maintenance of bone density in the neck of the femur, at the top of the thighbone near hip hinge. Although the result did not reach statistical significance, Rastelli calls the promising and worth further study.
"Great to have something simple as vitamin d to help patients to alleviate some of this pain," says Rastelli. "It is not toxic — does not cause significant side effects. And if that is actually to protect against bone loss, which is even better. "
More info: Rastelli AL, Taylor, Gao F, Armamento Villareal-R, S-Jamalabadi Majidi, Napoli n., Ellis, MJ. Vitamin d and aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS): a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial separated. Research on breast cancer and treatment. Online June 2011.
Provided by Washington University School of Medicine (news: web)
Senin, 05 September 2011
New study highlights role of genetics in recovery from eating disorders
A significant number of people with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa have chronic studies. Are underweight and have a great chance of dying from malnutrition. No medication has been found that helps people who are chronically ill. Now, a new study sheds light on why some people have bad results.
READ MORE - New study highlights role of genetics in recovery from eating disorders
An international team of scientists led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD), and the Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) in La Jolla, CA, has identified possible genetic variations that could affect the patient's recovery from an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia. Their findings, reported online in the Journal Neuropsychopharmcology, may provide new insights into developing effective interventions for more treatment-resistant patients with these disorders.
"This study highlights important ' or ' genetic variations SNPs within a person's DNA, associated with long-term, chronic eating disorders," said Walter h. Kaye, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the UCSD eating disorder treatment and research program, who was a senior writer with Ph.d., Nicholas j. Schork, Director of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics to STSI and Professor at the Scripps Research Institute. "These variations indicate genetic Predictor for patients who may be especially susceptible to eating disorders and diseases are more difficult to treat effectively.
Kaye said such genetic traits are also linked to people with higher and higher concerns over mistakes – characteristics associated with anorexia and bulimia.
Researchers from the Institute for collaborative study was responsible for the collection of data of the study, scientists at UCSD and STSI led the design of the study and analysis of results.
According to lead study author, cinnamon Bloss, PhD, Assistant Professor at the STSI, conclusions could ultimately help pave the way towards a more individualised approach in treating patients with eating disorders. "Anorexia and bulimia which possibly originate from many different causes, such as culture, family, life changes and personality traits," Bloss said. "But we know biology and genetics is important in terms of cause and can play a role in how different users respond to treatment. Understanding the genetics behind these treaties are important because ultimately that could help us customize treatment based on the genetic makeup of individuals, with the aim of more personalized and effective treatments. "
Anorexia and bulimia are serious and complex psychiatric disorders. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an inability to maintain a normal body weight and a relentless pursuit of lachaniase, bulimia is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating. Recent studies, researchers, including Kaye speculate that anorexia and bulimia may share some risk factors, and that patients can be genetically predetermined to have personality traits and moods that make them susceptible to eating disorders.
"People with anorexia in particular are often resistant to treatment and lack of awareness of the medical consequences of their behavior, which can lead to chronic, prolonged illness and even death," said Kaye. "Became a problem for us, ' Prognostic factors Exist that could help clinicians to identify good versus poor results for treatments, including medications and psychotherapies? '"
The research team studied a total of 1,878 women in large-scale candidate gene Association study that was designed based on assumptions regarding the genes, pathways, and biological systems involved in sensitive to eating disorders. Most were people with lifetime diagnosis of either anorexia or anorexia and bulimia, hosted and lower body mass index, higher and higher concerns over mistakes from control issues.
Scientists identified then the top 25 most statistically significant SNPs (single nucleotide-other), after assessing a total of 5,151 SNPs in approximately 350 genes. According to Bloss, 10 of the 25 most strongly associated "haplotypes" (combinations of alleles for different genes are closely together on the same chromosome and who tend to be inherited together) involved in GABA genes, SNPs. An intronic SNP on chromosome 4 gene GABRGI showed the strongest correlation in chronic symptoms. "The study suggests that genes can be pre-dispose people in a cycle of chronic eating disorder," Bloss said, adding that additional studies are needed to confirm these compounds.
Provided by the University of California-San Diego (news: web)
Kamis, 01 September 2011
One of the six fast-food customers cut calories after U.S. food import emfainoysas system
Approximately one-sixth of the customers used fast food calorie information and, on average, lower calories foods acquired since the introduction of a labelling system in the United States, says a new study published today in the British Medical Journal.
READ MORE - One of the six fast-food customers cut calories after U.S. food import emfainoysas system
US researchers found there was a small but positive impact from a law introduced in 2008 in New York that require chain restaurants with 20 or more branches at the national level, to provide calorie information on menus and menu boards of the city.
Rates of obesity in the United States at a high in both adults and children and is currently one-third of adults and 17% of children of all ages and adolescents are obese. Several studies support an association between fast food consumption and excessive energy intake, but customers often underestimate the number of calories on restaurant meals and before 2007, nutrition information was rarely available at the time of purchase.
Thus, a team of researchers decided to assess the impact of calorie labelling regulation on the energy content of the individual markets in fast food restaurants in New York. High street chains in England are going to launch a similar scheme, though optional, as part of the Deal the Government responsible for public health.
Investigations completed during lunch hours in spring 2007 (one year prior to the regulation) and in the spring of 2009 (nine months after implementation) randomly selected locations in 168 chains of fast food top 11 in the city.
Adult customers supplied in the registry collection and answers to the questions of the survey. Analyzed data from customers in a customers 2007 7,309 and 8,489 2009.
Overall, there has been no reduction in calories purchased across the full sample. However, the three big chains saw significant reductions.
For example, McDonalds, average energy per market decreased by 5.3% to Au Bon Pain, decreased by 14.4% and KFC, decreased by 6.4%. Together, these three chains represented 42% of all customers of the study.
However, the average energy content increased in the chain – Metro – by 17.8%, which was to a large extent, large parts.
The analysis also showed that 15% of clients reported using the calorie information and, on average, these customers purchased 106 fewer as by customers who do not see or use the information in calories.
Researchers say that calorie labelling is only part of a framework for addressing the epidemic of obesity and solicit additional strategies for reducing energy intake by the population. "We must focus particular attention on about training customers on how to interpret and use nutrition information" award.
In an accompanying editorial, Dr Susan Jebb from MRC human nutrition research center at Cambridge believes that labelling is one step forward, but must follow the changes in the food supply. She writes: "Calorie labeling will help consumers to make an informed choice about what they eat, but steady improvement in the diet of the nation will require a transformation of the food supply."
Provided by the British Medical Journal (news: web)
